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Stem cell therapy in Bangkok Thailand, what diseases
can be treated?
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Stem cells have shown the potential to treat a wide variety of
conditions and ailments.
Current Stem Cells treatments
For over 30 years, bone marrow, and more recently, umbilical cord
blood stem cells have been used to treat cancer patients with conditions
such as leukemia and lymphoma. During chemotherapy, most growing
cells are killed by the cytotoxic agents. These agents not only
kill the leukemia or neoplastic cells, but also the haematopoietic
stem cells within the bone marrow. It is this side effect of the
chemotherapy that the stem cells transplant attempts to reverse;
the donor's healthy bone marrow reintroduces functional stem cells
to replace those lost in the treatment.
Potential Stem Cells Treatments
Brain damage
Stroke and traumatic brain injury lead to cells death, which is
caused by a loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes within the brain.
Healthy adult brains contain neural stem cells, these divide and
act to maintain general stem cells numbers or become progenitor
cells. In healthy adult animals, progenitor cells migrate within
the brain and function primarily to maintain neuron populations
for olfaction,or the ability to smell things. Interestingly, in
pregnancy and after injury, this system appears to be regulated
by growth factors and can increase the rate at which new brain matter
is formed. In the case of brain injury, although the reparative
process appears to initiate, substantial recovery is rarely observed
in adults, suggesting a lack of robustness. Strokes
may also be able to be addressed by stem cell therapy.
Stem cells may also be used to treat brain degeneration, such as
in Parkinson's and
Alzheimer's disease.
Cancer
Research injecting neural (adult) stem cells into the brains of
dogs has shown to be very successful in treating cancerous tumors.
With traditional techniques brain cancer is almost impossible to
treat because it spreads so rapidly. Researchers at the Harvard
Medical School induced intracranial tumours in rodents. Then, they
injected human neural stem cells. Within days the cells had migrated
into the cancerous area and produced cytosine deaminase, an enzyme
that converts a non-toxic pro-drug into a chemotheraputic agent.
As a result, the injected substance was able to reduce tumor mass
by 81 percent. The stem cells neither differentiated nor turned
tumorigenic.[4] Some researchers believe that the key to finding
a cure for cancer is to inhibit cancer stem cells, where the cancer
tumor originates. Currently, cancer treatments are designed to kill
all cancer cells, but through this method, researchers would be
able to develop drugs to specifically target these stem cells.
Spinal cord injury
A team of Korean researchers reported on November 25, 2004, that
they had transplanted multipotent adult stem cells from an umbilical
cord blood to a patient suffering from a spinal cord injury and
that she can now walk on her own, without difficulty. The patient
had not been able stand up for roughly 19 years. For the unprecedented
clinical test, the scientists isolated adult stem cells from umbilical
cord blood and then injected them into the damaged part of the spinal
cord.
According to the October 7, 2005 issue of The Week, University
of California researchers injected human embryonic stem cells into
paralyzed mice, which resulted in the mice regaining the ability
to move and walk four months later. The researchers discovered upon
dissecting the mice that the stem cells regenerated not only the
neurons, but also the cells of the myelin sheath, a layer of cells
which insulates neural impulses and speeds them up, facilitating
communication with the brain (damage to which is often the cause
of neurological injury in humans).
In January 2005, researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
differentiated human blastocyst stem cells into neural stem cells,
then into the beginnings of motor neurons, and finally into spinal
motor neuron cells, the cells type that, in the human body, transmits
messages from the brain to the spinal cord. The newly generated
motor neurons exhibited electrical activity, the signature action
of neurons. Lead researcher Su-Chun Zhang described the process
as "you need to teach the blastocyst stem cells to change step
by step, where each step has different conditions and a strict window
of time."
Transforming blastocyst stem cells into motor neurons had eluded
researchers for decades. The next step will be to test if the newly
generated neurons can communicate with other cells when transplanted
into a living animal; the first test will be in chicken embryos.
Su-Chun said their trial-and-error study helped them learn how motor
neuron cells, which are key to the nervous system, develop in the
first place. The new cells could be used to treat diseases like
Lou Gehrig's disease, muscular dystrophy, and spinal cord injuries.
Heart damage
Several clinical trials targeting heart disease have shown that
adult stem cells therapy is safe and effective, and is equally efficient
in old as well as recent infarcts. Adult stem cells therapy for
heart disease was commercially available on at least five continents
at the last count (2007).
Possible mechanisms are:
• Generation of heart muscle cells
• Stimulation of growth of new blood vessels that repopulate
the heart tissue
• Secretion of growth factors, rather than actually incorporating
into the heart
• Assistance via some other mechanism
It may be possible to have adult bone marrow cells differentiate
into heart muscle cells.
Haematopoiesis (blood cells formation)
The specificity of the human immune cells repertoire is what allows
the human body to defend itself from rapidly adapting antigen. However,
this system it a hot spot for degradation upon the pathogenesis
of disease, and because of the critical role that it plays in organismal
defense, its degradation is often fatal to the system as a whole.
Diseases of hematopoietic cells are called hematopathology. The
specificity of one's immune cells repertoire, which allows it to
recognize foreign antigen, causes further challenges in the treatment
of immune disease. Identical matches between donor and recipient
must be made for successful transplantation treatments, while matches
are uncommon, even between first-degree relatives. Research using
both hematopoietic adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells has
contributed great insight into possible mechanisms and methods of
treatment for many of these ailments.
Fully mature human red blood cells may be generated ex vivo by
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are precursors of red blood
cells. In this process, HSCs are grown together with stromal cells,
creating an environment that mimics the conditions of bone marrow,
the natural site of red blood cells growth. Erythropoietin, a growth
factor, is added, coaxing the stem cells to complete terminal differentiation
into red blood cells. Further research into this technique should
have potential benefits to gene therapy, blood transfusion, and
topical medicine.
In addition to the above, Stem cell treatment and therapy has shown
promise to treat Autism, anti
aging, diabetes, multiple
sclerosis, lung disease,
osteoarthritis, neurological
disorders as well as other diseases
and ailments.
Stem cell therapy in Bangkok Thailand,
what diseases can be treated?
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